Professional layer

Skin cancer - clinician hub

Risk, margins, pathology, nodes, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, Mohs and rare histology in one clinical navigation layer.

Clinical appearance, pathology and risk in one view

Histology of basal cell carcinoma
BCC, H&E. Histologic subtype and clinical site influence risk and the choice of margin control.KGH, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
Histology of invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
cSCC, H&E. Depth, differentiation, PNI/LVI and margin status carry direct clinical implications.Mikael Häggström, CC0 1.0.
Histology of Merkel cell carcinoma
Merkel, H&E. A rare neuroendocrine carcinoma with its own SLNB, radiotherapy and immunotherapy pathway.Nephron, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.

Author clinical image bank: one histology, different surgical problems

Grade 2 cSCC of the left hand, author clinical material
Hand cSCC. A distal site requires simultaneous planning for clearance, function and reconstruction.Author clinical archive, published with permission.
cSCC of the right lower leg, author clinical material
Lower-leg cSCC. Once oncologic extent is defined, the future defect and coverage strategy need separate assessment.Author clinical archive, published with permission.
Histologically confirmed Merkel cell carcinoma in the knee region, author case
Merkel. Clinical phenotype can be nonspecific - final classification depends on morphology and IHC.Author clinical archive, histologically confirmed, published with permission.
BCC: author clinical and dermoscopic example
BCC clinic + dermoscopy. Two visual modalities help characterize phenotype but do not replace pathology when tissue diagnosis is required.Author clinical archive, published with permission.
01Confirm histology

BCC/cSCC vs Merkel vs adnexal or another rare tumour.

02Define risk

Site, size, depth, PNI/LVI, immune status and recurrence.

03Assess nodes / imaging

Not for everyone - risk-adapted to clinical and pathologic features.

04Plan local control

Standard excision, Mohs/margin control, RT and reconstruction.

cSCC 2026

Easy-to-treat

The majority of local primary cSCC.

Higher-risk

Risk is driven by clinical, pathological and host factors.

Difficult-to-treat

New EADO framework for clinically challenging disease where standard local treatment is insufficient.

Imaging and nodes

2026 consensus guidance supports considering staging/surveillance imaging when estimated metastatic risk reaches approximately 15% or more, with modality and frequency individualized to anatomy and risk.

Adjuvant cemiplimab

HR 0.32recurrence/death in C-POST
87.1%24-month DFS with cemiplimab
64.1%24-month DFS with placebo

This applies to selected high-risk patients after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, not to all cSCC.

C-POST · EADO 2026.

Pathology features that change management

Depth, perineural invasion, differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, margins, nerve caliber/site and nodal extranodal extension. Rare adnexal tumours often require immunohistochemical or molecular clarification.

2026: three signals that change MDT discussion

≥15%estimated metastatic risk - the 2026 Delphi consensus threshold for considering staging/surveillance imaging in localized cSCC.
HR 0.32C-POST: lower risk of recurrence or death with adjuvant cemiplimab in selected high-risk cSCC after surgery + RT.
HR 0.66STAMP 2026: improved MCC-specific recurrence-free outcome with pembrolizumab; overall RFS was not statistically significant.

These results do not mean imaging for everyone, cemiplimab for every cSCC, or routine adjuvant immunotherapy for every Merkel patient. They shift the threshold for MDT discussion in selected high-risk settings.

cSCC imaging consensus 2026 · C-POST · STAMP 2026.

Emerging watchlist 2026 - important, but not automatic standard of care

Advanced BCCClinical response ≠ pathologic eradication

A 2026 real-world series found residual tumour in some patients despite clinical/dermoscopic improvement on sonidegib. This matters when planning a subsequent local treatment step.

2026 source →
MerkelctDNA for surveillance

2026 data suggest stronger prognostic performance for ctDNA than MCPyV antibody testing in the studied cohort. It remains an emerging tool rather than a universal replacement for clinical and imaging follow-up.

JAMA Dermatology 2026 →
Advanced EMPDHER2 as a therapeutic target

Evidence for HER2-directed treatment is expanding in advanced EMPD. HER2 testing is most relevant in advanced/systemic disease, not as a reason to change local treatment for every EMPD.

2026 review →

Rare-skin-cancer decision layer

Sebaceous carcinomaMMR / Lynch / Muir-Torre

The diagnosis should not stop at morphology. Age, multiple sebaceous neoplasms, personal/family history and MMR profile may change the need for genetic assessment. A 2026 meta-analysis supports MMR IHC as a sensitive screening tool but with limited specificity for germline Muir-Torre/Lynch syndrome - abnormal tumour MMR does not equal a germline diagnosis.

Clinical pathway →
EMPDPrimary vs secondary + HER2

The central question is whether this is primary cutaneous adenocarcinoma or epidermal spread from an internal malignancy. In advanced disease, HER2 may become therapeutically actionable.

Clinical pathway →
Cutaneous angiosarcomaVisible border ≠ true border

Multifocal and subclinical spread can complicate local planning; surgery, radiotherapy and systemic treatment should be considered together.

Clinical pathway →
Porocarcinoma / MACBiopsy depth and margin control

Superficial sampling may underestimate microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Porocarcinoma requires attention to high-risk and nodal features; MAC is dominated by deep and perineural local spread.

Adnexal carcinomas →

Sebaceous guideline 2024 · MMR IHC meta-analysis 2026 · EMPD guideline 2025 · Cutaneous angiosarcoma guideline 2025 · Sweat-gland carcinoma review 2026.

Ukrainian context 2026

Ukraine now has dedicated national clinical documents for BCC, cSCC and Merkel cell carcinoma. In practice, they should be interpreted alongside current EADO/ESMO evidence and the real availability of medicines, radiotherapy and surgical techniques.

BCC - Ministry of Health of Ukraine · cSCC - Ministry of Health of Ukraine · Merkel - Ministry of Health of Ukraine.